Description
The Distribution Trainer examines different parts of electrical power distribution, from basic circuits to balanced and unbalanced three-phase systems. The console has two working sections: • an upper panel that shows the basics of distribution, and • a lower panel that shows more advanced three-phase power distribution. The upper panel includes low-voltage a.c and d.c supplies, a set of lamps and variable resistances. The resistances simulate a feeder cable and the lamps simulate loads. Students may connect the feeder circuit to learn the principles of ring main and radial circuits. The low-voltage a.c supplies may be connected to show the principles of regulation. The lower panel includes connections to two three-phase transformers, lines and loads to simulate industrial power distribution. One transformer reduces the voltage from the incoming supply to the correct value for the experiments. This is the ‘line power’ transformer. The other transformer reduces the line voltage down to 110 V and acts as the ‘line receive’ transformer. Its primary tappings are adjustable and its secondary winding star point can be connected to earth. The panels include all current, voltage and power meters needed for the experiments. For protection tests, the circuits include current transformers to connect to the protection relays fitted to the control panels. The user connects and sets the protection relays to detect line and earth currents. The relays also monitor and measure fault events and disturbances for fault analysis. The user sets the two most simple relays from their local control panels.
Learning Outcomes
- AC/DC transmission
- Radial and ring systems with different load types
- Distribution losses and efficiency
- Voltage control through reactive power compensation
- Use of a tapped distribution transformer for load voltage control
- Three-phase distribution system with balanced and unbalanced loads
- Effect of an open-circuited neutral conductor on voltage across a single-phase load
- Effect on line current of improved power factor
- Distribution system under faults
- Relay discrimination
Specifications
ATICO is committed to a programme of continuous improvement; hence we reserve the right to alter the design and product specification without prior notice.
Nett dimensions and weight:
1850 mm long x 1870 mm high x 960 mm front to back and 670 kg
Packed volume and weight:
5 m3 and 800 kg
Protection relays:
• 1 x single phase overcurrent
• 1 x three phase overcurrent
• 1 x three-phase overcurrent with voltage
Low voltage supplies:
0–30 volts d.c. or 0–30 volts a.c.
Transformers:
• 2 x low-voltage single-phase (one step up 30 V:240 V, the other step down 240 V:30 V)
• 1 x line power 5 kVA three-phase delta-star Dy11 – reduces the incoming supply down to 220/230 V
• 1 x line receive 3 kVA three-phase delta-star Dy11 with star point link to earth 220 V/110 V three-phase. Includes tap selection on its primary windings of ±10%, ±7.5%, ±5%, ±2.5%, and 0%.
Three-phase loads:
• 220 V star-connected resistive, inductive and capacitive
• 110 V delta-connected resistive
Operating Conditions
- Operating Environment:
Laboratory - Storage Temprature Range :
–25°C to +55°C (when packed for transport) - Operating Temprature range:
+5°C to +40°C - Operating relative humidity range:
80% at temperatures < 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% at 40°C
