Pressure losses in the flow from tanks are essentially the result of two processes: the jet deflection upon entry into the opening and the wall friction in the opening. As a result of the pressure losses the real discharge is smaller than the theoretical flow rate.
It determines these losses at different flow rates. Different diameters as well as inlet and outlet contours of the openings can be studied. Additionally, the contraction coefficient can be determined as a characteristic for different contours.
The experimental unit includes a transparent tank, a measuring device as well as a Pitot tube and twin tube manometers. An interchangeable insert is installed in the tank’s water outlet to facilitate the investigation of various openings. Five inserts with different diameters, inlet contours and outlet contours are provided along with the unit.
The issued water jet is measured using a measuring device. A Pitot tube detects the total pressure of the flow. The pressure difference (read on the manometer) is used to determine the velocity.
Learning Objectives And Experiments
- Study of the outlet jet (diameter, velocity)
- Determination of pressure losses and contraction coefficient for different outlet contours
- Determination of flow rate at different discharge heads
Features
- Determination of the diameter and velocity of the outlet jet
- Study of openings with different inlet and outlet contours
- Determining the contraction coefficient
Specification
- Study of pressure losses in vertical flows from tanks
- Determining the contraction coefficient for different contours and diameters
- Tank with adjustable overflow
- 5 interchangeable inserts with different contours
- Measuring device for determining the jet diameter
- Pitot tube for determining the total pressure
- Pressure display on twin tube manometers
- Flow rate determined by base module
- Water supply using base module or via laboratory supply
Technical Specification
- Tank
- Capacity: approx. 13L
- Overflow height: max. 400mm
- Max. Flow rate: 14L/min
- Inserts
- Inner diameters: d1=inlet, d2=outlet
- 1x cylindrical hole, d=12mm
- 1x outlet from the insert: cone d1=24mm, d2=12mm
- 1x inlet to the insert: orifice plate d1=24mm, d2=12mm
- 1x inlet to the insert: cone d1=30mm, d2=12mm
- 1x inlet to the insert: rounded, d=12mm
Measuring Ranges
- Pressure: 500mmwc
- Jet radius: 0…10mm
